Teores de proteína para vacas lactantes em pastejo de capim-elefante / Protein contents for lactating dairy cows grazing elephant grass

Avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de concentrados com diferentes teores de proteína bruta (PB) para vacas em lactação sob pastejo rotacionado de capim-elefante, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos (3x3). Os tratamentos foram concentrados suplementares contendo 15,2; 18,2 ou 21,1 por cento de PB. Foram oferecidos 3kg de concentrado por vaca, duas vezes ao dia. A disponibilidade de matéria seca (MS)/ha de capim-elefante foi de 1.873kg ou de 17,4kg de MS/vaca dia-1. A MS do capim-elefante foi de 19,6 por cento, contendo 13,9 por cento de PB e 66,1 por cento de fibra detergente neutro (FDN) e 67,4 por cento de digestibilidade in vitro da MS (DIVMS). Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos quanto ao consumo diário de MS da dieta total (21,5; 21,6 e 20,8kg/d), MS do capim-elefante (16,1; 16,3 e 15,5kg/d) e FDN do capim-elefante (10,7; 10,7 e 10,3kg/d). As produções de leite (17,5; 17,2 e 17,6kg/d) e os teores de gordura (3,4; 3,5 e 3,5 por cento), proteína (2,9; 2,9 e 2,9 por cento), lactose (4,4; 4,4 e 4,4 por cento) e N-ureia no leite (14,1; 14,6 e 15,8mg/dL) não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos (respectivamente, para 15,2; 18,2 ou 21,1 por cento de PB). O teor de N-ureia no plasma foi maior (P<0,05) em vacas alimentadas com concentrado com 21,1 por cento de PB (na ordem citada: 11,5; 12,2 e 14,4mg/dL). Nas condições experimentais, o concentrado suplementar com 15,2 por cento de PB pode ser utilizado na alimentação de vacas em lactação em pastagem de capim-elefante.

To evaluate the effect of feeding concentrate with different crude protein (CP) contents, lactating dairy cows grazing elephant grass were distributed in a 3x3 latin square. Three kg/cow of concentrates (15.2, 18.2, or 21.1 percent CP) were offered twice a day. Elephant grass dry matter (DM) availability was 1,873kg/ha; with a daily offer of 17.4kg/cow. The elephant grass DM content was 19.6 percent with 13.9 percent CP, 66.1 percent neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 67.4 percent in vitro DM digestibility. There was no difference among treatments regarding total diet DM daily intake (21.5, 21.6, and 20.8kg/cow), elephant grass DM (16.1, 16.3, and 15.5kg/cow), and elephant grass NDF (10.7, 10.7, and 10.3kg/cow). Milk yield (17.5, 17.2, and 17.6kg/d) fat (3.4, 3.5, and 3.5 percent), protein (2.9, 2.9, and 2.9 percent), lactose (4.4, 4.4, and 4.4 percent), and N-urea (14.1, 14.6, and 15.8mg/dL) did not differ among concentrates (P>0.05). Plasma N-urea was higher in cows fed concentrate with 21.1 percent CP (11.5 = 12.2<14.4mg/dL, P<0.05). According to these results, concentrate with 15.2 percent CP can be used to lactating dairy cows grazing elephant grass, without affecting milk production as compared to concentrate with 18.2 or 21.1 percent of CP.

EEG spike source localization before and after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy: a BOLD EEG-fMRI and independent component analysis study

Simultaneous measurements of EEG-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combine the high temporal resolution of EEG with the distinctive spatial resolution of fMRI. The purpose of this EEG-fMRI study was to search for hemodynamic responses (blood oxygen level-dependent - BOLD responses) associated with interictal activity in a case of right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy before and after a successful selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Therefore, the study found the epileptogenic source by this noninvasive imaging technique and compared the results after removing the atrophied hippocampus. Additionally, the present study investigated the effectiveness of two different ways of localizing epileptiform spike sources, i.e., BOLD contrast and independent component analysis dipole model, by comparing their respective outcomes to the resected epileptogenic region. Our findings suggested a right hippocampus induction of the large interictal activity in the left hemisphere. Although almost a quarter of the dipoles were found near the right hippocampus region, dipole modeling resulted in a widespread distribution, making EEG analysis too weak to precisely determine by itself the source localization even by a sophisticated method of analysis such as independent component analysis. On the other hand, the combined EEG-fMRI technique made it possible to highlight the epileptogenic foci quite efficiently.

Evaluation of a pregnant guidance program

The aim of the present study was to assess ability of pregnant women (n=82) to acquire guidance on breastfeeding, baby’s sucking habits, and oral hygiene. Subjects were interviewed before and after their enrolment in the pregnancy orientation program at Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP). Results showed that all subjects improved their knowledge on all behavior aspects as well as their ability to follow guidance offered in this study. Information provided during the pre-natal period seems to help reduce incidence of early introduction of foods and weaning. To guarantee the success of programs designed to assist pregnant women, it is wise to use a systematic follow-up to motivate mothers after childbirth to keep up with guidance given in such programs, concerning not only information, but also emotional and instrumental support.

Biomicroscopia ultra-sônica aplicada à caracterização do esôfago / Ultrasound biomicroscopy applied to the characterization of the esophagus

This work has the objective to present images of the in vitro esophagus wall with a high frequency ultrasound (US) system. The ultrasound pulse echo system setup consists of a monocycle pulse generator exciting a PVDF transducer and a high frequency pre-amplifier...